Tom's Blog » C# http://tom-shelton.net Mon, 04 Jan 2010 02:14:06 +0000 en hourly 1 http://wordpress.org/?v=3.1.3 Using Extension Methods and the Win32 API to Efficiently Enumerate the File System http://tom-shelton.net/index.php/2010/01/02/using-extension-methods-and-the-win32-api-to-efficiently-enumerate-the-file-system/ http://tom-shelton.net/index.php/2010/01/02/using-extension-methods-and-the-win32-api-to-efficiently-enumerate-the-file-system/#comments Sat, 02 Jan 2010 18:52:32 +0000 Tom Shelton http://tom-shelton.net/index.php/2010/01/02/using-extension-methods-and-the-win32-api-to-efficiently-enumerate-the-file-system/ I’ve seen the question come up a couple of times lately on various forums, asking how to get only the first file from a directory listing in a directory with a large number of files.   This is problematic, because as of .NET 3.5 the System.IO methods that are responsible for enumerating the file system (System.IO.Directory.GetFiles for example) do a complete enumeration before returning.  That means if you just want the first 5 files, GetFiles will still enumerate the entire directory before returning.  Further, wouldn’t it be nice to have methods where you could use LINQ queries on file attributes, etc?  If your paying attention to .NET 4.0, you will notice that there are methods now of the Directory/DirectoryInfo classes that will provide just these options – System.Directory.EnumerateFiles, etc.  These methods provide IEnumerable<> return values rather then the fixed array.  Basically, they enumerate and return each value one at a time.

The good news is that with C# 3.0 – we don’t actually have to wait until .NET 4.0 to have these methods now.  By using a little P/Invoke magic and C# 3.0’s extension method capability, we can write code like this today:

   1: class Program
   2: {
   3:     static void Main ( string[] args )
   4:     {
   5:         string path = Environment.GetFolderPath ( Environment.SpecialFolder.MyDocuments );
   6:         DirectoryInfo root = new DirectoryInfo ( path );
   7:
   8:         Console.WriteLine ( root.EnumerateFiles ().First ().Name );
   9:     }
  10: }

Or even better, we can do stuff like this:

   1: class Program
   2: {
   3:    static void Main ( string[] args )
   4:    {
   5:        string path = Environment.GetFolderPath ( Environment.SpecialFolder.MyDocuments );
   6:        DirectoryInfo root = new DirectoryInfo ( path );
   7:
   8:        // get all doc files created before Nov. 1st 2009
   9:        var fileQuery = from fileInfo in root.EnumerateFiles ( "*.doc" )
  10:                        where fileInfo.CreationTime.Date.CompareTo ( new DateTime ( 2009, 11, 1 ) ) == -1
  11:                        select fileInfo;
  12:
  13:        foreach ( var fileInfo in fileQuery )
  14:            Console.WriteLine ( fileInfo.Name );
  15:    }
  16: }

To handle the actual enumeration of the files we will use the Windows API.  The functions we are interested in are FindFirstFile, FindNextFile, and FindClose.  Here are the Native Win32 calls and classes used by the demo extension methods above:

   1: using System;
   2: using System.Collections.Generic;
   3: using System.Text;
   4: using System.IO;
   5: using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
   6: using Microsoft.Win32.SafeHandles;
   7:
   8: namespace FireAnt.IO
   9: {
  10:     internal static class NativeWin32
  11:     {
  12:         public const int MAX_PATH = 260;
  13:
  14:         /// <summary>
  15:         /// Win32 FILETIME structure.  The win32 documentation says this:
  16:         /// "Contains a 64-bit value representing the number of 100-nanosecond intervals since January 1, 1601 (UTC)."
  17:         /// </summary>
  18:         /// <see cref="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms724284%28VS.85%29.aspx"/>
  19:         [StructLayout ( LayoutKind.Sequential )]
  20:         public struct FILETIME
  21:         {
  22:             public uint dwLowDateTime;
  23:             public uint dwHighDateTime;
  24:         }
  25:
  26:         /// <summary>
  27:         /// The Win32 find data structure.  The documentation says:
  28:         /// "Contains information about the file that is found by the FindFirstFile, FindFirstFileEx, or FindNextFile function."
  29:         /// </summary>
  30:         /// <see cref="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa365740%28VS.85%29.aspx"/>
  31:         [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet=CharSet.Auto)]
  32:         public struct WIN32_FIND_DATA
  33:         {
  34:             public FileAttributes dwFileAttributes;
  35:             public FILETIME ftCreationTime;
  36:             public FILETIME ftLastAccessTime;
  37:             public FILETIME ftLastWriteTime;
  38:             public uint nFileSizeHigh;
  39:             public uint nFileSizeLow;
  40:             public uint dwReserved0;
  41:             public uint dwReserved1;
  42:
  43:             [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst=MAX_PATH)]
  44:             public string cFileName;
  45:
  46:             [MarshalAs ( UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst=14)]
  47:             public string cAlternateFileName;
  48:         }
  49:
  50:         /// <summary>
  51:         /// Searches a directory for a file or subdirectory with a name that matches a specific name (or partial name if wildcards are used).
  52:         /// </summary>
  53:         /// <param name="lpFileName">The directory or path, and the file name, which can include wildcard characters, for example, an asterisk (*) or a question mark (?). </param>
  54:         /// <param name="lpFindData">A pointer to the WIN32_FIND_DATA structure that receives information about a found file or directory.</param>
  55:         /// <returns>
  56:         /// If the function succeeds, the return value is a search handle used in a subsequent call to FindNextFile or FindClose, and the lpFindFileData parameter contains information about the first file or directory found.
  57:         /// If the function fails or fails to locate files from the search string in the lpFileName parameter, the return value is INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE and the contents of lpFindFileData are indeterminate.
  58:         ///</returns>
  59:         ///<see cref="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa364418%28VS.85%29.aspx"/>
  60:         [DllImport("kernel32", CharSet=CharSet.Auto, SetLastError=true)]
  61:         public static extern SafeSearchHandle FindFirstFile ( string lpFileName, out WIN32_FIND_DATA lpFindData );
  62:
  63:         /// <summary>
  64:         /// Continues a file search from a previous call to the FindFirstFile or FindFirstFileEx function.
  65:         /// </summary>
  66:         /// <param name="hFindFile">The search handle returned by a previous call to the FindFirstFile or FindFirstFileEx function.</param>
  67:         /// <param name="lpFindData">A pointer to the WIN32_FIND_DATA structure that receives information about the found file or subdirectory.
  68:         /// The structure can be used in subsequent calls to FindNextFile to indicate from which file to continue the search.
  69:         /// </param>
  70:         /// <returns>
  71:         /// If the function succeeds, the return value is nonzero and the lpFindFileData parameter contains information about the next file or directory found.
  72:         /// If the function fails, the return value is zero and the contents of lpFindFileData are indeterminate.
  73:         /// </returns>
  74:         /// <see cref="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa364428%28VS.85%29.aspx"/>
  75:         [DllImport("kernel32", CharSet=CharSet.Auto, SetLastError=true)]
  76:         public static extern bool FindNextFile ( SafeSearchHandle hFindFile, out WIN32_FIND_DATA lpFindData );
  77:
  78:         /// <summary>
  79:         /// Closes a file search handle opened by the FindFirstFile, FindFirstFileEx, or FindFirstStreamW function.
  80:         /// </summary>
  81:         /// <param name="hFindFile">The file search handle.</param>
  82:         /// <returns>
  83:         /// If the function succeeds, the return value is nonzero.
  84:         /// If the function fails, the return value is zero. 
  85:         /// </returns>
  86:         /// <see cref="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa364413%28VS.85%29.aspx"/>
  87:         [DllImport("kernel32", SetLastError=true)]
  88:         public static extern bool FindClose ( IntPtr hFindFile );
  89:
  90:         /// <summary>
  91:         /// Class to encapsulate a seach handle returned from FindFirstFile.  Using a wrapper
  92:         /// like this ensures that the handle is properly cleaned up with FindClose.
  93:         /// </summary>
  94:         public class SafeSearchHandle : SafeHandleZeroOrMinusOneIsInvalid
  95:         {
  96:             public SafeSearchHandle () : base ( true ) { }
  97:
  98:             protected override bool ReleaseHandle ()
  99:             {
 100:                 return NativeWin32.FindClose ( base.handle );
 101:             }
 102:         }
 103:     }
 104: }

And here are the actual extension methods:

   1: using System;
   2: using System.Collections.Generic;
   3: using System.Text;
   4: using System.IO;
   5:
   6: namespace FireAnt.IO
   7: {
   8:     /// <summary>
   9:     /// Static class to contain extension methods
  10:     /// </summary>
  11:     public static class FileSystemExtensions
  12:     {
  13:
  14:         public static IEnumerable<DirectoryInfo> EnumerateDirectories ( this DirectoryInfo target )
  15:         {
  16:             return EnumerateDirectories ( target, "*" );
  17:         }
  18:
  19:         public static IEnumerable<DirectoryInfo> EnumerateDirectories ( this DirectoryInfo target, string searchPattern )
  20:         {
  21:             string searchPath = Path.Combine ( target.FullName, searchPattern );
  22:             NativeWin32.WIN32_FIND_DATA findData;
  23:             using (NativeWin32.SafeSearchHandle hFindFile = NativeWin32.FindFirstFile ( searchPath, out findData ))
  24:             {
  25:                 if ( !hFindFile.IsInvalid )
  26:                 {
  27:                     do
  28:                     {
  29:                         if ( ( findData.dwFileAttributes & FileAttributes.Directory ) != 0 && findData.cFileName != "." && findData.cFileName != ".." )
  30:                         {
  31:                             yield return new DirectoryInfo ( Path.Combine ( target.FullName, findData.cFileName ) );
  32:                         }
  33:                     } while ( NativeWin32.FindNextFile ( hFindFile, out findData ) );
  34:                 }
  35:             }
  36:
  37:         }
  38:
  39:         public static IEnumerable<FileInfo> EnumerateFiles ( this DirectoryInfo target )
  40:         {
  41:            return EnumerateFiles ( target, "*" );
  42:         }
  43:
  44:         public static IEnumerable<FileInfo> EnumerateFiles ( this DirectoryInfo target, string searchPattern )
  45:         {
  46:             string searchPath = Path.Combine ( target.FullName, searchPattern );
  47:             NativeWin32.WIN32_FIND_DATA findData;
  48:             using ( NativeWin32.SafeSearchHandle hFindFile = NativeWin32.FindFirstFile ( searchPath, out findData ) )
  49:             {
  50:                 if ( !hFindFile.IsInvalid )
  51:                 {
  52:                     do
  53:                     {
  54:                         if ( ( findData.dwFileAttributes & FileAttributes.Directory ) == 0 && findData.cFileName != "." && findData.cFileName != ".." )
  55:                         {
  56:                             yield return new FileInfo ( Path.Combine ( target.FullName, findData.cFileName ) );
  57:                         }
  58:                     } while ( NativeWin32.FindNextFile ( hFindFile, out findData ) );
  59:                 }
  60:             }
  61:
  62:         }
  63:     }
  64: }

With a bit more work, the full range of file search operations could be added to these extension methods – for instance supporting the SearchOptions overloads.  I hope this demo illustrates the power of Extension methods and C# iterators ( a feature introduced in C# 2.0).

Article Source Code.

]]> http://tom-shelton.net/index.php/2010/01/02/using-extension-methods-and-the-win32-api-to-efficiently-enumerate-the-file-system/feed/ 1 Creating a Simple Hotkey Component using RegisterHotKey http://tom-shelton.net/index.php/2009/10/07/creating-a-simple-hotkey-component-using-registerhotkey/ http://tom-shelton.net/index.php/2009/10/07/creating-a-simple-hotkey-component-using-registerhotkey/#comments Wed, 07 Oct 2009 19:47:14 +0000 Tom Shelton http://tom-shelton.net/index.php/2009/10/07/creating-a-simple-hotkey-component-using-registerhotkey/ A while ago, I needed to create a simple tray application that had to be able be brought into focus using a global hotkey.  I did a bit of research and came across the RegisterHotKey API function.  On my first attempt at using it, I created a simple class that I used to subclass any window handle that was passed into the constructor.  It  worked well – until you wanted to have more then one hotkey and it seemed to me it might be more user friendly as a component then as a class.  So, I rewrote the code as a windows forms component – and in the process I even created a custom type editor for the HotKey.Modifiers property.

Anyway, I’m posting two projects – the first is the HotKeyLib project that contains the Hotkey component.  The second is a project (both C# and VB.NET) that make use of the component.  You will need to compile the HotKeyLib project and then add it to your IDE’s toolbox to compile the second project.  The reason I did it this way was to show that the custom icon of the hotkey component will indeed show up in the IDE toolbox.

Anyway, hope this code proves helpful.

]]> http://tom-shelton.net/index.php/2009/10/07/creating-a-simple-hotkey-component-using-registerhotkey/feed/ 6 Using C# and WMI to Create and Configure IIS6 Web Sites http://tom-shelton.net/index.php/2009/05/05/using-c-and-wmi-to-create-and-configure-iis6-web-sites/ http://tom-shelton.net/index.php/2009/05/05/using-c-and-wmi-to-create-and-configure-iis6-web-sites/#comments Wed, 06 May 2009 05:53:00 +0000 Tom Shelton http://tom-shelton.net/?p=130 Recently, I was worked on a project that required me to automate the installation and creation of web sites on IIS6.  I didn’t want to do this using VBScript or another WSH language because this was going to be used as part of a larger application.  I made some exploratory attempts using the ADSI interfaces, but did not find them satisfactory due to performance concerns.  After a little research, I discovered that since I was dealing with IIS6, that there were WMI interfaces available – so I decided to give that a whirl.  What I discovered, was that the while the performance using WMI was not what I would call spectacular, it was definitely a large improvement over using the ADSI interfaces.  The classes and code I’m sharing here are basic implementations, that accomplish only the basic tasks that I needed – so, there is definitely room for expansion on the part of the reader.  This is only meant as a starting point – I am still actively extending and refactoring these implementations my self.

What I was creating was basically a generic deployment tool – basically, this tool takes a package (a zip file) that contains the web site content and directory structure and XML document that describes the details of the deployment based on the machine name in the infrastructure.  This contains things like the name of directory to extract the package to, any web.config changes that need to be applied for the environment, and most importantly to this article a description of the IIS web site that should be created.

The first class I will share is the base class for most of the classes in my hierarchy – WmiObjectBase.

 

   1: using System.Collections.Generic;
   2: using System.Management;
   3:  
   4: namespace FireAnt.IIS.Util
   5: {
   6:     /// <summary>
   7:     /// Base object for WMI objects
   8:     /// </summary>
   9:     public abstract class WmiObjectBase
  10:     {
  11:         /// <summary>
  12:         /// Create and connect a management scope for use by subclasses
  13:         /// </summary>
  14:         /// <param name="path">The management path</param>
  15:         protected WmiObjectBase(string path)
  16:         {
  17:             ConnectionOptions connectionOptions = new ConnectionOptions ();
  18:             connectionOptions.Authentication = AuthenticationLevel.PacketPrivacy;
  19:             this.Scope = new ManagementScope (path , connectionOptions );
  20:             this.Scope.Connect ();
  21:         }
  22:  
  23:         /// <summary>
  24:         /// Allow subclasses to pass in an existing scope
  25:         /// </summary>
  26:         /// <param name="scope">A management scope object</param>
  27:         protected WmiObjectBase ( ManagementScope scope )
  28:         {
  29:             this.Scope = scope;
  30:             if ( !this.Scope.IsConnected )
  31:                 this.Scope.Connect ();
  32:         }
  33:         
  34:         /// <summary>
  35:         /// Let subclasses get their scope object
  36:         /// </summary>
  37:         protected ManagementScope Scope { get; private set; }
  38:  
  39:         /// <summary>
  40:         /// Allow subobjects to peform queries
  41:         /// </summary>
  42:         /// <param name="query">The object query to perform</param>
  43:         /// <returns>A ManagementObjectCollection containing the results of the query</returns>
  44:         protected ManagementObjectCollection this[ObjectQuery query]
  45:         {
  46:             get
  47:             {
  48:                 return new ManagementObjectSearcher ( this.Scope, query ).Get ();
  49:             }
  50:         }
  51:  
  52:  
  53:         /// <summary>
  54:         /// Apply settings to a Management object.
  55:         /// </summary>
  56:         /// <param name="target">The ManagamentObject to apply the settings to</param>
  57:         /// <param name="properties">A Dictionary object containing the properties and their value.</param>
  58:         /// <remarks>
  59:         /// The properties Dictionary contains the name of the property as the key, and the value of the property as the value.
  60:         /// </remarks>
  61:         protected void ApplySettings ( ManagementObject target, Dictionary<string, object> properties )
  62:         {
  63:             foreach ( var kv in properties )
  64:             {
  65:                 target.Properties[kv.Key].Value = kv.Value;
  66:             }
  67:             target.Put ();
  68:         }
  69:  
  70:         /// <summary>
  71:         /// Allow subclasses and easy method of creating new ManagementObject instances
  72:         /// </summary>
  73:         /// <param name="path">The management path of the object</param>
  74:         /// <returns>The instance of the object</returns>
  75:         protected ManagementObject CreateManagementObject ( string path )
  76:         {
  77:             ManagementClass template = new ManagementClass ( this.Scope, new ManagementPath ( path ), null );
  78:             return template.CreateInstance ();
  79:         }
  80:  
  81:         /// <summary>
  82:         /// Allow subclasses to get instances of existing objects
  83:         /// </summary>
  84:         /// <param name="path">the management path</param>
  85:         /// <returns>An instance of the object</returns>
  86:         protected ManagementObject GetInstance ( string path )
  87:         {
  88:             return new ManagementObject ( this.Scope, new ManagementPath ( path ), null );
  89:         }
  90:     }
  91: }

This class simply provides some common functionality for the various WMI based objects in my library.

The main class in the library, is the InternetInformationServer class.  This class holds and manages the connection to an IIS6 instance.  It allows you to create and manipulate the various server objects, such as web sites and application pools:

 

   1: using System;
   2: using System.Collections.Generic;
   3: using System.Linq;
   4: using System.Text;
   5: using System.Management;
   6: using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
   7:  
   8: namespace FireAnt.IIS.Util
   9: {
  10:     public class InternetInformationServer : WmiObjectBase
  11:     {
  12:         /// <summary>
  13:         /// Create an instance of the InternetInformationServer class that is connected to the
  14:         /// local IIS instance.
  15:         /// </summary>
  16:         public InternetInformationServer () : base ( @"\\.\root\MicrosoftIISV2" ) { }
  17:  
  18:         /// <summary>
  19:         /// Create an instance of the InternetInformationServer class that is connected to the
  20:         /// instance defined by target.
  21:         /// </summary>
  22:         /// <param name="target">The name of the machine to connect to.</param>
  23:         public InternetInformationServer ( string target ) : base ( string.Format ( @"\\{0}\root\MicrosoftIISV2", target ) ) { }
  24:  
  25:         /// <summary>
  26:         /// Create a new website on the IIS instance.
  27:         /// </summary>
  28:         /// <param name="serverComment">The server comment.</param>
  29:         /// <param name="rootPath">The path to the root virtual directory of the web site.</param>
  30:         /// <returns>A new WebSite instance.</returns>
  31:         public WebSite CreateWebSite ( string serverComment, string rootPath )
  32:         {
  33:             return this.CreateWebSite ( serverComment, rootPath, new ServerBinding[] { new ServerBinding () } );
  34:         }
  35:  
  36:         /// <summary>
  37:         /// Create a new web site on the IIS instance.
  38:         /// </summary>
  39:         /// <param name="serverComment">The server comment.</param>
  40:         /// <param name="rootPath">The path to the root virtual directory of the web site.</param>
  41:         /// <param name="serverBindings">A list of ServerBinding objects to apply to the web site.</param>
  42:         /// <returns></returns>
  43:         public WebSite CreateWebSite ( string serverComment, string rootPath, ServerBinding[] serverBindings )
  44:         {
  45:             const string METHOD = "CreateNewSite";
  46:  
  47:             // create a list of serverbindings...
  48:             List<ManagementObject> bindings = new List<ManagementObject> ();
  49:             Array.ForEach ( serverBindings, binding => bindings.Add ( CreateServerBinding ( binding ) ) );
  50:  
  51:             // create the site..
  52:             ManagementObject w3svc = new ManagementObject ( this.Scope, new ManagementPath ( @"IISWebService='W3SVC'" ), null );
  53:             ManagementBaseObject parameters = w3svc.GetMethodParameters ( METHOD );
  54:  
  55:             parameters["ServerComment"] = serverComment;
  56:             parameters["ServerBindings"] = bindings.ToArray ();
  57:             parameters["PathOfRootVirtualDir"] = rootPath;
  58:  
  59:             ManagementBaseObject result = w3svc.InvokeMethod ( METHOD, parameters, null );
  60:             Match m = Regex.Match ( (string)result.Properties["ReturnValue"].Value, "'(.*?)'" );
  61:  
  62:             return new WebSite ( this.Scope, serverComment, m.Groups[1].Value );
  63:         }
  64:  
  65:         /// <summary>
  66:         /// Create a new application pool on the IIS instance
  67:         /// </summary>
  68:         /// <param name="name">The name of the application pool.</param>
  69:         /// <returns></returns>
  70:         public ApplicationPool CreateAppliationPool ( string name )
  71:         {
  72:             ApplicationPool appPool = new ApplicationPool ( this.Scope );
  73:             appPool.Name = string.Format ( "W3SVC/AppPools/{0}", name );
  74:  
  75:             ManagementObject poolTemplate = CreateManagementObject ( "IIsApplicationPoolSetting" );
  76:             poolTemplate.Properties["Name"].Value = appPool.Name;
  77:             poolTemplate.Put ();
  78:  
  79:             return appPool;
  80:         }
  81:  
  82:         private ManagementObject CreateServerBinding ( ServerBinding binding )
  83:         {
  84:             ManagementObject managementObject = CreateManagementObject ( "ServerBinding" );
  85:             managementObject.Properties["Hostname"].Value = binding.HostName;
  86:             managementObject.Properties["IP"].Value = binding.IPAddress;
  87:             managementObject.Properties["Port"].Value = binding.Port;
  88:  
  89:             return managementObject;
  90:         }
  91:  
  92:         /// <summary>
  93:         /// Iterator of all the sites on the IIS instance.
  94:         /// </summary>
  95:         public IEnumerable<WebSite> Sites
  96:         {
  97:             get
  98:             {
  99:                 ObjectQuery query = new ObjectQuery ( "SELECT * FROM IISWebServerSetting" );
 100:                 foreach ( ManagementObject item in this[query] )
 101:                 {
 102:                     yield return new WebSite ( this.Scope, item["ServerComment"].ToString (), item["Name"].ToString () );
 103:                 }
 104:             }
 105:         }
 106:  
 107:  
 108:         /// <summary>
 109:         /// Get a reference to an appliation pool on the IIS instance.
 110:         /// </summary>
 111:         /// <param name="applicationPoolId">The id of the application pool.</param>
 112:         /// <returns>An ApplicationPool object or null if not found.</returns>
 113:         public ApplicationPool GetApplicationPool ( string applicationPoolId )
 114:         {
 115:             ObjectQuery query = new ObjectQuery ( string.Format ( "SELECT * FROM IIsApplicationPoolSetting WHERE Name='W3SVC/AppPools/{0}'", applicationPoolId ) );
 116:             foreach ( ManagementObject item in this[query] )
 117:             {
 118:                 return new ApplicationPool ( this.Scope, (string)item.Properties["Name"].Value );
 119:             }
 120:             return null;
 121:         }
 122:  
 123:  
 124:         /// <summary>
 125:         /// Get a reference to an existing web site on the IIS instance based on the server comment
 126:         /// </summary>
 127:         /// <param name="serverComment">The server comment of the site you want to get.</param>
 128:         /// <returns>A WebSite object or null if not found.</returns>
 129:         /// <remarks>
 130:         /// This method is really a special purpose method - the server comment is not required to be unique in most cases.  But,
 131:         /// in my case it is.  If you can't guarentee uniqueness then you will either need to make this return the a list, or
 132:         /// uses the site id rather then the server comment.
 133:         /// </remarks>
 134:         public WebSite GetWebSite ( string serverComment )
 135:         {
 136:             ObjectQuery query = new ObjectQuery ( "SELECT * FROM IISWebServerSetting WHERE ServerComment = '" + serverComment + "'" );
 137:             foreach ( ManagementObject item in this[query] )
 138:             {
 139:                 return new WebSite ( this.Scope, item["ServerComment"].ToString (), item["Name"].ToString () );
 140:             }
 141:  
 142:             return null;
 143:         }
 144:  
 145:     }
 146: }

Please not the comments on the GetWebSite method…  In the infrastructure I’m working in, I can guarentee that the server comment is unique for a given web site.  In many cases, this can’t be guarenteed – so, really this method should be changed either to return a list of WebSite objects, or it should be refactored to take the site id – which is unique.

There are two overloads for the CreateWebSite method – one that takes a list of ServerBindings and one that doesn’t.  You’ll notice that the overload that does not take a list of bindings simply delegates to the method that does, and passes in a default binding object.

Here are the ApplicationPool, WebSite, and ServerBinding objects as I currently have them:

WebSite:

   1: using System;
   2: using System.Collections.Generic;
   3: using System.Linq;
   4: using System.Text;
   5: using System.Management;
   6:  
   7: namespace FireAnt.IIS.Util
   8: {
   9:     public class WebSite : WmiObjectBase
  10:     {
  11:         private readonly string IdentityQuery;
  12:  
  13:         internal WebSite ( ManagementScope scope, string serverComment, string siteName ) : base(scope)
  14:         {
  15:             this.ServerComment = serverComment;
  16:             this.Name = siteName;
  17:             this.IdentityQuery = string.Format ( "SELECT * FROM IISWebServer WHERE Name = '{0}'", this.Name );
  18:         }
  19:  
  20:         public string ServerComment { get; set; }
  21:         public string Name { get; set; }
  22:  
  23:         //public void Continue ()
  24:         //{
  25:         //}
  26:  
  27:         //public void Pause ()
  28:         //{
  29:         //}
  30:  
  31:         public void Start ()
  32:         {
  33:             ServerState state = CurrentState;
  34:             if ( state == ServerState.Stopped )
  35:             {
  36:                 ObjectQuery query = new ObjectQuery ( IdentityQuery );
  37:                 foreach ( ManagementObject site in this[query] )
  38:                 {
  39:                     site.InvokeMethod ( "Start", null );
  40:                 }
  41:             }
  42:  
  43:         }
  44:  
  45:         public void Stop ()
  46:         {
  47:             ServerState state = CurrentState;
  48:             if ( state == ServerState.Started )
  49:             {
  50:                 ObjectQuery query = new ObjectQuery ( IdentityQuery );
  51:                 foreach ( ManagementObject site in this[query] )
  52:                 {
  53:                     site.InvokeMethod ( "Stop", null );
  54:                 }
  55:             }
  56:         }
  57:  
  58:         public WebVirtualDirectory DirectorySettings
  59:         {
  60:             get { return new WebVirtualDirectory ( this.Scope, this.Name ); }
  61:         }
  62:  
  63:         public ServerState CurrentState
  64:         {
  65:             get
  66:             {
  67:                 ObjectQuery query = new ObjectQuery ( string.Format ( "SELECT ServerState FROM IISWebServer WHERE Name = '{0}'", this.Name ) );
  68:  
  69:                 foreach ( ManagementObject item in this[query] )
  70:                 {
  71:                     return (ServerState)Convert.ToInt32 ( item["ServerState"] );
  72:                 }
  73:                 throw new Exception ( "Can't determine server's current state" );
  74:             }
  75:         }
  76:  
  77:         public override string ToString ()
  78:         {
  79:             return string.Format ( "{0} ({1})", ServerComment, Name );
  80:         }
  81:     }
  82:  
  83:     public enum ServerState
  84:     {
  85:         Starting = 1,
  86:         Started = 2,
  87:         Stopping = 3,
  88:         Stopped = 4,
  89:         Pausing = 5,
  90:         Paused = 6,
  91:         Continuing = 7,
  92:     }
  93: }

ApplicationPool:

   1: using System;
   2: using System.Collections.Generic;
   3: using System.Linq;
   4: using System.Text;
   5: using System.Management;
   6:  
   7: namespace FireAnt.IIS.Util
   8: {
   9:     public class ApplicationPool : WmiObjectBase
  10:     {
  11:         internal ApplicationPool ( ManagementScope scope )
  12:             : base ( scope )
  13:         {
  14:         }
  15:  
  16:         internal ApplicationPool ( ManagementScope scope, string name )
  17:             : base ( scope )
  18:         {
  19:             this.Name = name;
  20:         }
  21:  
  22:         public string Name { get; internal set; }
  23:     }
  24: }

ServerBinding:

   1: using System;
   2: using System.Collections.Generic;
   3: using System.Linq;
   4: using System.Text;
   5:  
   6: namespace FireAnt.IIS.Util
   7: {
   8:     public class ServerBinding
   9:     {
  10:         public ServerBinding () : this ( string.Empty, string.Empty, "80" ) { }
  11:         public ServerBinding ( string hostName, string ipAddress, string port )
  12:         {
  13:             this.HostName = hostName;
  14:             this.IPAddress = ipAddress;
  15:             this.Port = port;
  16:         }
  17:  
  18:         public string HostName { get; set; }
  19:         public string IPAddress { get; set; }
  20:         public string Port { get; set; }
  21:     }
  22: }

Again these are relatively simple classes – but, again they have room to expand.

WebSite does have some properties and methods that maybe of interest.  It allows you to start and stop the individual site – so you don’t have to bring down the entire IIS server, just to configure your site.  It also allows you to get a reference to it’s root virtual directory so you can change settings – such as the framework version the site should use.  Other properties of the root directory can be set via a dictionary of name value pairs.  This was for me the most convenient method, since I was using xml files to store my configuration settings:

 

   1: using System;
   2: using System.Collections.Generic;
   3: using System.Linq;
   4: using System.Text;
   5: using System.Management;
   6: using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
   7:  
   8: namespace FireAnt.IIS.Util
   9: {
  10:     public class WebVirtualDirectory : WmiObjectBase
  11:     {
  12:         internal WebVirtualDirectory ( ManagementScope scope, string siteName ) : base(scope)
  13:         {
  14:             this.Path = string.Format ( "IIsWebVirtualDirSetting='{0}/ROOT'", siteName );
  15:         }
  16:  
  17:         private string Path { get; set; }
  18:  
  19:         public void SetFrameworkVersion ( string version )
  20:         {
  21:             ManagementObject root = this.GetInstance ( this.Path );
  22:             foreach ( PropertyData property in root.Properties )
  23:             {
  24:                 if ( property.Name == "ScriptMaps" )
  25:                 {
  26:                     ManagementBaseObject[] scriptMaps = (ManagementBaseObject[])property.Value;
  27:                     foreach ( ManagementBaseObject scriptMap in scriptMaps )
  28:                     {
  29:                         string value = (string)scriptMap["ScriptProcessor"];
  30:                         if ( value.ToLower ().Contains ( "framework" ) )
  31:                         {
  32:                             if ( !value.Contains ( version ) )
  33:                             {
  34:                                 string currentVersion = Regex.Match ( value, @"(v\d+\.\d+\.\d+)" ).Value;
  35:                                 value = value.Replace ( currentVersion, version );
  36:                                 scriptMap.SetPropertyValue ( "ScriptProcessor", value );
  37:                             }
  38:                             else
  39:                             {
  40:                                 return;
  41:                             }
  42:                         }
  43:                     }
  44:  
  45:                     property.Value = scriptMaps;
  46:                     root.Put ();
  47:                     break;
  48:                 }
  49:             }
  50:         }
  51:  
  52:         public void ApplySettings ( Dictionary<string, object> properties )
  53:         {
  54:             ManagementObject root = this.GetInstance ( this.Path );
  55:             ApplySettings ( root, properties );
  56:         }
  57:     }
  58: }

Here is some code that demonstrates how you might use the above library (Air-Code Warning!):

 

   1: static class Program
   2: {
   3:     internal static string EnvironmentName { get; set; }
   4:     static int Main ( string[] args )
   5:     {
   6:         EnvironmentName = args[0];
   7:         InternetInformationServer iis = new InternetInformationServer ( Program.EnvironmentName );
   8:         WebSite webSite = iis.GetWebSite ( ServerComment );
   9:         ShutdownSite ( webSite );
  10:  
  11:         // DO SOME STUFF
  12:  
  13:         // create the website
  14:          if ( webSite == null )
  15:          {
  16:                 ApplicationPool pool = iis.GetApplicationPool ( poolName );
  17:                  if ( pool == null )
  18:                      iis.CreateAppliationPool ( poolName );
  19:         
  20:              webSite = iis.CreateWebSite ( ServerComment, webRootPath );
  21:                 
  22:              // apply any virtual root properties here
  23:              WebVirtualDirectory virtualDirectory = webSite.DirectorySettings;
  24:              virtualDirectory.SetFrameworkVersion ( "v2.0.50727" );         }
  25:         
  26:          // start up the website...
  27:          webSite.Start ();
  28:     }
  29:  
  30:     private static void ShutdownSite ( WebSite webSite )
  31:      {
  32:          if ( webSite != null )
  33:          {
  34:              webSite.Stop ();
  35:          }
  36:      }
  37: }

Anyway,  I apologize if the level of detail here is less then expected – but I had to throw this together fairly quickly.  I wanted to get it out there in the hopes that someone might find some of this useful.

]]> http://tom-shelton.net/index.php/2009/05/05/using-c-and-wmi-to-create-and-configure-iis6-web-sites/feed/ 4 Exploring SQL Server Schema Information With ADO.NET http://tom-shelton.net/index.php/2009/02/21/exploring-sql-server-schema-information-with-adonet/ http://tom-shelton.net/index.php/2009/02/21/exploring-sql-server-schema-information-with-adonet/#comments Sun, 22 Feb 2009 02:00:48 +0000 Tom Shelton http://tom-shelton.net/?p=128 If you read my article on finding SQL Server instances, you’ll know that I mentioned that I planned on writing a series of articles around a code generator that I have been playing with off and on for the last couple of years.  Since this generator was designed to create class definitions around tables, views, and procedures in an SQL Server database, I needed to figure out and write the code to get schema information from a given connection.  As it turns out, ADO.NET provides a fairly robust mechanism for implementers of data providers to return this information from the underlying data store.  In this article, I will be focusing on the information available from the System.Data.SqlClient namespace – but, techniques shown here apply to all of the data providers built into the .NET framework.  I have similar code using System.Data.OracleClient that I can provide if it is of interest.

I’ll start off simple and create a small C# console application that can list all of the databases in an SQL Server instance.

 

   1: using System;
   2: using System.Data;
   3: using System.Data.SqlClient;
   4:  
   5: namespace SchemaInfo
   6: {
   7:     class Program
   8:     {
   9:         static void Main ( string[] args )
  10:         {
  11:             // build a connection string to a sql server instance
  12:             SqlConnectionStringBuilder connectionBuilder = new SqlConnectionStringBuilder ();
  13:             connectionBuilder.DataSource = "SAURON";
  14:             connectionBuilder.IntegratedSecurity = true;
  15:  
  16:             // now, lets list all of the databases in this instance
  17:             using ( SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection ( connectionBuilder.ConnectionString ) )
  18:             {
  19:                 connection.Open ();
  20:  
  21:                 // get the database information
  22:                 DataTable databases = connection.GetSchema ( SqlClientMetaDataCollectionNames.Databases );
  23:  
  24:                 // print out the connections
  25:                 foreach ( DataColumn column in databases.Columns )
  26:                 {
  27:                     Console.Write ( "{0,-25}", column.ColumnName );
  28:                 }
  29:                 Console.WriteLine ();
  30:                 
  31:                 // print out the rows...
  32:                 foreach ( DataRow database in databases.Rows )
  33:                 {
  34:                     for ( int i = 0; i < database.ItemArray.Length; i++ )
  35:                     {
  36:                         Console.Write ( "{0,-25}", database.ItemArray[i] );
  37:                     }
  38:                     Console.WriteLine ();
  39:                 }
  40:             }
  41:         }
  42:     }
  43: }

schema001

The key to the above codes success is the SqlConnection.GetSchema method.  By passing in a string that represents the name of one of the provider’s supported schema collections, you can get a DataTable back containing the requested information.  There are essentially two types of schema collections – Common Schema Collections and Provider Specific Schema Collections.   As the names imply, the common schema collections are the schema collections implemented by all of the .NET framework providers, where as the provider specific collections apply to a specific provider.

You can get a list of the schema collections supported by your provider by calling the GetSchema method with no arguments.  Here is the above example, with the schema collection name commented out:

 

   1: using System;
   2: using System.Data;
   3: using System.Data.SqlClient;
   4: using System.Windows.Forms;
   5:  
   6: namespace SchemaInfo
   7: {
   8:     class Program
   9:     {
  10:         static void Main ( string[] args )
  11:         {
  12:             // build a connection string to a sql server instance
  13:             SqlConnectionStringBuilder connectionBuilder = new SqlConnectionStringBuilder ();
  14:             connectionBuilder.DataSource = "SAURON";
  15:             connectionBuilder.IntegratedSecurity = true;
  16:  
  17:             // now, lets list all of the databases in this instance
  18:             using ( SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection ( connectionBuilder.ConnectionString ) )
  19:             {
  20:                 connection.Open ();
  21:  
  22:                 // get the database information
  23:                 DataTable databases = connection.GetSchema ( /*SqlClientMetaDataCollectionNames.Databases*/ );
  24:  
  25:                 // print out the connections
  26:                 foreach ( DataColumn column in databases.Columns )
  27:                 {
  28:                     Console.Write ( "{0,-25}", column.ColumnName );
  29:                 }
  30:                 Console.WriteLine ();
  31:  
  32:                 // print out the rows...
  33:                 foreach ( DataRow database in databases.Rows )
  34:                 {
  35:                     for ( int i = 0; i < database.ItemArray.Length; i++ )
  36:                     {
  37:                         Console.Write ( "{0,-25}", database.ItemArray[i] );
  38:                     }
  39:                     Console.WriteLine ();
  40:                 }
  41:             }
  42:         }
  43:     }
  44: }

schema002

You can find a lot of information on using the GetSchema method and the various schema collections here.

So, now that we’ve introduced the concept GetSchema and schema collections, let’s do something a little more complex.  Let’s build a database explorer type control.  Something like a very simplified version of the Object Explorer in SQL Server Management Studio.

 

1.

Start Visual Studio, and start a new blank solution.  Do this by selecting File -> New -> Project and then selecting "Other Project Types -> Visual Studio Solutions" in the "Project Types" tree view in the "New Project" dialog.
  schema003
   

2.

Add a Windows Forms application to the blank project to serve as a test harness for the control.  Right click on the solution in "Solution Explorer" and select "Add -> New Project…".
  schema004
   

3.

Now, following the same steps as before, add a new "Windows Forms Control Library" to the solution.
  schema005
   

4.

In the windows forms project add a reference to the control library project.  To do this, right click on the windows form project in the "Solution Explorer" and select "Add Reference…".  Select the control library on the Projects tab of the "Add Reference" dialog.  Select OK.
  schema006
   

5.

Rename the default UserControl1 in the windows control library to something more appropriate.  The easiest way to do this is simply right click on the control in the "Solution Explorer" and select "Rename".  I called mine "DBExplorer".  Compile the solution.
   

6.

Now, we create a simple interface so we can see the control in action.  I added a SplitContainer to the default Form1 in the windows forms application.  Then added an instance of the DBExplorer control to Panel1 of the SplitContainer, and set it’s Dock property to Fill.  I named the DBExplorer instance uxDBExplorer.
  schema007
 

Not much to look at – but, this is just a test harness :)

   

7.

Go back to the control library project and add a treeview control to the DBExplorer interface.  Set it’s Dock property to fill and give it an appropriate name.  I gave mine the name of uxExplorer.  Compile the solution.
   

8.

Here is the code for the DBExplorer user control:
  
   1: using System;
   2: using System.Data;
   3: using System.Data.SqlClient;
   4: using System.Windows.Forms;
   5:  
   6: namespace DatabaseExplorer
   7: {
   8:     public partial class DBExplorer : UserControl
   9:     {
  10:         public DBExplorer ()
  11:         {
  12:             InitializeComponent ();
  13:         }
  14:  
  15:         public string ConnectionString { get; set; }
  16:  
  17:         private void DBExplorer_Load ( object sender, EventArgs e )
  18:         {
  19:             if ( !this.DesignMode && !string.IsNullOrEmpty ( this.ConnectionString ) )
  20:             {
  21:                 // create the first node...
  22:                 this.uxExplorer.Nodes.Add ( new ConnectionNode ( new SqlConnectionStringBuilder ( this.ConnectionString ) ) );
  23:             }
  24:         }
  25:  
  26:         private void uxExplorer_BeforeExpand ( object sender, TreeViewCancelEventArgs e )
  27:         {
  28:             if ( e.Node is DataSourceNodeBase )
  29:             {
  30:                 string oldText = e.Node.Text;
  31:                 try
  32:                 {
  33:                     e.Node.Text = string.Format ( "{0} (expanding...)", e.Node.Text );
  34:                     this.uxExplorer.Refresh ();
  35:                     this.uxExplorer.BeginUpdate ();
  36:                     ( (DataSourceNodeBase)e.Node ).Load ();
  37:                 }
  38:                 catch ( Exception ex )
  39:                 {
  40:                     MessageBox.Show ( ex.Message );
  41:                 }
  42:                 finally
  43:                 {
  44:                     this.uxExplorer.EndUpdate ();
  45:                     e.Node.Text = oldText;
  46:                 }
  47:             }
  48:         }
  49:  
  50:         #region Private Classes
  51:         /// <summary>
  52:         /// Used as a simple placeholder before an expand...
  53:         /// </summary>
  54:         private class DummyNode : TreeNode
  55:         {
  56:             public DummyNode ()
  57:                 : base ( "DUMMY" )
  58:             {
  59:                 this.Name = "DUMMY";
  60:             }
  61:         }
  62:  
  63:         /// <summary>
  64:         /// Provides a base class for a node that must connect to a
  65:         /// datasource.
  66:         /// </summary>
  67:         private abstract class DataSourceNodeBase : TreeNode
  68:         {
  69:             protected DataSourceNodeBase ( string text, SqlConnectionStringBuilder builder )
  70:                 : base ( text )
  71:             {
  72:                 this.ConnectionStringBuilder = builder;
  73:                 this.Nodes.Add ( new DummyNode () );
  74:             }
  75:             
  76:             /// <summary>
  77:             /// The connection string used to connect to the datasource
  78:             /// </summary>
  79:             protected SqlConnectionStringBuilder ConnectionStringBuilder { get; set; }
  80:  
  81:             /// <summary>
  82:             /// Loads child nodes if it hasn't been loaded before
  83:             /// </summary>
  84:             public virtual void Load ()
  85:             {
  86:                 if ( this.Nodes.ContainsKey ( "DUMMY" ) )
  87:                 {
  88:                     this.Reload ();
  89:                 }
  90:             }
  91:  
  92:             /// <summary>
  93:             /// Refreshes children from the datasource
  94:             /// </summary>
  95:             public virtual void Reload ()
  96:             {
  97:                 this.Nodes.Clear ();
  98:                 this.LoadDatabaseObjects ();
  99:             }
 100:  
 101:             /// <summary>
 102:             /// Loads subnodes from the datasource
 103:             /// </summary>
 104:             protected abstract void LoadDatabaseObjects ();
 105:         }
 106:  
 107:         /// <summary>
 108:         /// Root node for a datasource connection
 109:         /// </summary>
 110:         private class ConnectionNode : DataSourceNodeBase
 111:         {
 112:             public ConnectionNode ( SqlConnectionStringBuilder builder ) : base ( builder.DataSource, builder ) { }
 113:  
 114:             protected override void LoadDatabaseObjects ()
 115:             {
 116:                 using ( SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection ( this.ConnectionStringBuilder.ConnectionString ) )
 117:                 {
 118:                     connection.Open ();
 119:                     DataTable databases = connection.GetSchema ( SqlClientMetaDataCollectionNames.Databases );
 120:                     foreach ( DataRow database in databases.Rows )
 121:                     {
 122:                         SqlConnectionStringBuilder builder = new SqlConnectionStringBuilder ( this.ConnectionStringBuilder.ConnectionString );
 123:                         builder.InitialCatalog = (string)database["database_name"];
 124:                         this.Nodes.Add ( new DatabaseNode ( builder ) );
 125:                     }
 126:                 }
 127:             }
 128:         }
 129:  
 130:         /// <summary>   
 131:         /// Node whose text property contains a database.
 132:         /// </summary>
 133:         private class DatabaseNode : TreeNode
 134:         {
 135:             public DatabaseNode ( SqlConnectionStringBuilder builder )
 136:                 : base ( builder.InitialCatalog )
 137:             {
 138:                 this.Nodes.Add ( new TableRootNode ( builder ) );
 139:                 this.Nodes.Add ( new ViewRootNode ( builder ) );
 140:                 this.Nodes.Add ( new StoredProcedureRootNode ( builder ) );
 141:             }
 142:         }
 143:  
 144:         /// <summary>
 145:         /// Root node for all base tables
 146:         /// </summary>
 147:         private class TableRootNode : DataSourceNodeBase
 148:         {
 149:             public TableRootNode ( SqlConnectionStringBuilder builder ) : base ( "Tables", builder ) { }
 150:  
 151:             protected override void LoadDatabaseObjects ()
 152:             {
 153:                 using ( SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection ( this.ConnectionStringBuilder.ConnectionString ) )
 154:                 {
 155:                     connection.Open ();
 156:                     DataTable tables = connection.GetSchema ( SqlClientMetaDataCollectionNames.Tables, new string[] { null, null, null, "BASE TABLE" } );
 157:                     foreach ( DataRow table in tables.Rows )
 158:                     {
 159:                         this.Nodes.Add ( new TableNode ( string.Format ( "{0}.{1}", table["TABLE_SCHEMA"], table["TABLE_NAME"] ), this.ConnectionStringBuilder ) );
 160:                     }
 161:                 }
 162:             }
 163:         }
 164:  
 165:         /// <summary>
 166:         /// Root node for all views
 167:         /// </summary>
 168:         private class ViewRootNode : DataSourceNodeBase
 169:         {
 170:             public ViewRootNode ( SqlConnectionStringBuilder builder ) : base ( "Views", builder ) { }
 171:  
 172:             protected override void LoadDatabaseObjects ()
 173:             {
 174:                 using ( SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection ( this.ConnectionStringBuilder.ConnectionString ) )
 175:                 {
 176:                     connection.Open ();
 177:                     DataTable tables = connection.GetSchema ( SqlClientMetaDataCollectionNames.Tables, new string[] { null, null, null, "VIEW" } );
 178:                     foreach ( DataRow table in tables.Rows )
 179:                     {
 180:                         this.Nodes.Add ( new TableNode ( string.Format ( "{0}.{1}", table["TABLE_SCHEMA"], table["TABLE_NAME"] ), this.ConnectionStringBuilder ) );
 181:                     }
 182:                 }
 183:             }
 184:         }
 185:  
 186:         /// <summary>
 187:         /// Node to store information about tables and views.
 188:         /// </summary>
 189:         private class TableNode : DataSourceNodeBase
 190:         {
 191:             public TableNode ( string text, SqlConnectionStringBuilder builder )
 192:                 : base ( text, builder )
 193:             {
 194:                 
 195:             }
 196:  
 197:             protected override void LoadDatabaseObjects ()
 198:             {
 199:                 // TODO: GATHER FIELD INFORMATION
 200:             }
 201:  
 202:         }
 203:  
 204:         /// <summary>
 205:         /// Node that when expanding, will get stored procedure information
 206:         /// </summary>
 207:         private class StoredProcedureRootNode : DataSourceNodeBase
 208:         {
 209:             public StoredProcedureRootNode ( SqlConnectionStringBuilder builder ) : base ( "Stored Procedures", builder ) { }
 210:  
 211:             protected override void LoadDatabaseObjects ()
 212:             {
 213:                 using ( SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection ( this.ConnectionStringBuilder.ConnectionString ) )
 214:                 {
 215:                     connection.Open ();
 216:                     DataTable procedures = connection.GetSchema ( SqlClientMetaDataCollectionNames.Procedures, new string[] { null, null, null, "PROCEDURE" } );
 217:                     foreach ( DataRow procedure in procedures.Rows )
 218:                     {
 219:  
 220:                         this.Nodes.Add ( new ProcedureNode ( string.Format ( "{0}.{1}", procedure["SPECIFIC_SCHEMA"], procedure["SPECIFIC_NAME"] ), this.ConnectionStringBuilder ) );
 221:                     }
 222:                 }
 223:             }
 224:         }
 225:  
 226:         /// <summary>
 227:         /// Node to store information about a stored procedures
 228:         /// </summary>
 229:         private class ProcedureNode : DataSourceNodeBase
 230:         {
 231:             public ProcedureNode ( string text, SqlConnectionStringBuilder builder )
 232:                 : base ( text, builder )
 233:             {
 234:             }
 235:  
 236:             protected override void LoadDatabaseObjects ()
 237:             {
 238:                 // TODO: GATHER PARAMETER INFORMATION...
 239:             }
 240:         }
 241:         #endregion
 242:     }
 243: }
   

9.

In the test forms designer, set the ConnectionString property of the DBExplorer instance to point to a SQL Server Instance.  Here is the result when I point it to a local instance, and run the project:
  schema008

I purposefully left the implementation of gathering field and parameter info to the reader – but, I hope that this was enough to introduce the key concepts of using the GetSchema method of the SqlConnection class to dynamically discover schema infromation.  In the entity generator that I have been discussing, I use a variant of this exact control.  The major differences being that it supports multiple connection nodes and displays images for the various database objects.

]]> http://tom-shelton.net/index.php/2009/02/21/exploring-sql-server-schema-information-with-adonet/feed/ 2 Programmatically Discover SQL Server Instances http://tom-shelton.net/index.php/2009/01/06/programmatically-discover-sql-server-instances-2/ http://tom-shelton.net/index.php/2009/01/06/programmatically-discover-sql-server-instances-2/#comments Wed, 07 Jan 2009 00:29:53 +0000 Tom Shelton http://tom-shelton.net/?p=110 I’ve been working on a little pet project of mine again lately.  I have started updating an fixing up my old simple class generator again.  It’s nothing special – just something I created for my own use one day, and have sort of been poking at here and there for the last couple of years.  But, looking through the code – I did see several areas that I thought might make a nice series of articles.  This first one will be to document the method that the entity generator uses to discover SQL Server instances on my network and local machines.

I have encapsulated this code into a reusable control library – that someday, I might actually finish!  But, in it’s current state the ServerInfoControl looks like this:

connectToServer004

Why a control?  Well, I wanted to be able to use it in a couple of different applications in different types of forms – so I decided to make it a control.  It’s unfinished, the remember password functionality doesn’t work – and for some reason the controls ability to remember previous selected connections (implemented as user settings) has decided to stop working.  Both issues, I fully intend to look into sometime :)

Here is what it looks like in action in the entity generator:

connectToServer002

Not to shabby, if I do say so myself!  Here is the code for the ServerInfoControl:

   1: using System;
   2: using System.Windows.Forms;
   3: using System.Data.SqlClient;
   4:
   5: namespace FireAnt.Controls.Database
   6: {
   7:     public partial class ServerInfoControl : UserControl
   8:     {
   9:         private const string BrowseInstanceServerName = "<Browse for More...>";
  10:
  11:         public event ConnectionValidDelegate ConnectionValid;
  12:
  13:         public ServerInfoControl ()
  14:         {
  15:             InitializeComponent ();
  16:         }
  17:
  18:         public string ConnectionString
  19:         {
  20:             get
  21:             {
  22:                 return BuildConnectionString ();
  23:             }
  24:         }
  25:
  26:         private string BuildConnectionString ()
  27:         {
  28:             string connectionString = string.Empty;
  29:             if ( this.uxServers.SelectedItem != null && ( (ServerInstance)this.uxServers.SelectedItem ).Instance != BrowseInstanceServerName )
  30:             {
  31:                 SqlConnectionStringBuilder connectionBuilder = new SqlConnectionStringBuilder ();
  32:                 connectionBuilder.DataSource = ( (ServerInstance)this.uxServers.SelectedItem ).FullName;
  33:                 ( (AuthenticationBase)this.uxAuthentication.SelectedItem ).AlterConnectionString ( connectionBuilder );
  34:                 connectionString = connectionBuilder.ToString ();
  35:             }
  36:             return connectionString;
  37:         }
  38:
  39:         private void ServerInfoControl_Load ( object sender, EventArgs e )
  40:         {
  41:             if ( !this.DesignMode )
  42:             {
  43:                 ServerInfoControlSettings.Default.Reload ();
  44:
  45:                 // add all the instances we know of to the combobox...
  46:                 foreach ( ServerInstance instance in ServerInfoControlSettings.Default.Servers )
  47:                 {
  48:                     this.uxServers.Items.Add ( instance );
  49:                 }
  50:
  51:                 // add the default instance at the end
  52:                 this.uxServers.Items.Add ( new ServerInstance ( BrowseInstanceServerName ) );
  53:
  54:                 // if there are others, set the first one in the list...
  55:                 if ( this.uxServers.Items.Count > 1 )
  56:                 {
  57:                     this.uxServers.SelectedIndex = 0;
  58:                 }
  59:
  60:                 // add the authmodes, and set the index
  61:                 this.uxAuthentication.Items.AddRange ( new AuthenticationBase[] { new WindowsAuthentication ( this ), new SqlServerAuthentication ( this ) } );
  62:                 this.uxAuthentication.SelectedIndex = 0;
  63:             }
  64:         }
  65:
  66:         private void uxAuthentication_SelectedIndexChanged ( object sender, EventArgs e )
  67:         {
  68:             this.uxUserName.Enabled =
  69:                 this.uxPassword.Enabled =
  70:                 this.uxRememberPassword.Enabled = this.uxAuthentication.SelectedItem is SqlServerAuthentication;
  71:             this.TryRaiseConnectionValidEvent ();
  72:         }
  73:
  74:         private void uxServers_SelectedIndexChanged ( object sender, EventArgs e )
  75:         {
  76:             if ( this.uxServers.SelectedItem != null )
  77:             {
  78:                 ServerInstance instance = (ServerInstance)this.uxServers.SelectedItem;
  79:                 if ( instance.Server == BrowseInstanceServerName )
  80:                 {
  81:                     using ( BrowseForServerDialog bfsd = new BrowseForServerDialog () )
  82:                     {
  83:                         if ( bfsd.ShowDialog ( this ) == DialogResult.OK )
  84:                         {
  85:
  86:                             this.AddToComboBox ( bfsd.ServerInstance );
  87:                             this.uxServers.SelectedItem = bfsd.ServerInstance;
  88:                             this.SaveServerInstance ( bfsd.ServerInstance );
  89:                             this.TryRaiseConnectionValidEvent ();
  90:                         }
  91:                         else
  92:                         {
  93:                             this.uxServers.SelectedItem = null;
  94:                             this.RaiseConnectionValidEvent ( false );
  95:                         }
  96:                     }
  97:                 }
  98:                 else
  99:                 {
 100:                     this.TryRaiseConnectionValidEvent ();
 101:                 }
 102:             }
 103:         }
 104:
 105:         private void TryRaiseConnectionValidEvent ()
 106:         {
 107:             bool valid = (this.uxServers.SelectedItem != null) ?
 108:                 (this.uxAuthentication.SelectedItem is WindowsAuthentication) ?
 109:                 true :
 110:                 (this.uxUserName.Text.Length > 0 && this.uxPassword.Text.Length > 0): false;
 111:             this.RaiseConnectionValidEvent ( valid );
 112:         }
 113:
 114:         private void RaiseConnectionValidEvent ( bool valid )
 115:         {
 116:             if ( this.ConnectionValid != null )
 117:                 this.ConnectionValid ( this, new ConnectionValidEventArgs ( valid ) );
 118:         }
 119:         private void AddToComboBox ( ServerInstance instance )
 120:         {
 121:             foreach ( ServerInstance server in this.uxServers.Items )
 122:             {
 123:                 if ( server.Equals ( instance ) )
 124:                     return;
 125:             }
 126:             this.uxServers.Items.Insert ( 0, instance );
 127:
 128:         }
 129:
 130:         private void SaveServerInstance ( ServerInstance instance )
 131:         {
 132:             foreach ( ServerInstance server in ServerInfoControlSettings.Default.Servers )
 133:             {
 134:                 if ( server.Equals ( instance ) )
 135:                     return;
 136:             }
 137:
 138:             ServerInfoControlSettings.Default.Servers.Insert ( 0, instance );
 139:             ServerInfoControlSettings.Default.Save ();
 140:         }
 141:
 142:         private abstract class AuthenticationBase
 143:         {
 144:             public AuthenticationBase ( ServerInfoControl parent )
 145:             {
 146:                 this.Parent = parent;
 147:             }
 148:
 149:             protected ServerInfoControl Parent { get; set; }
 150:
 151:             public abstract void AlterConnectionString ( SqlConnectionStringBuilder connectionBuilder );
 152:         }
 153:
 154:         private class WindowsAuthentication : AuthenticationBase
 155:         {
 156:             public WindowsAuthentication ( ServerInfoControl parent ) : base ( parent ) { }
 157:
 158:             public override void AlterConnectionString ( SqlConnectionStringBuilder connectionBuilder )
 159:             {
 160:                 connectionBuilder.IntegratedSecurity = true;
 161:             }
 162:
 163:             public override string ToString ()
 164:             {
 165:                 return "Windows Authentication";
 166:             }
 167:         }
 168:
 169:         private class SqlServerAuthentication : AuthenticationBase
 170:         {
 171:             public SqlServerAuthentication ( ServerInfoControl parent ) : base ( parent ) { }
 172:
 173:             public override void AlterConnectionString ( SqlConnectionStringBuilder connectionBuilder )
 174:             {
 175:                 connectionBuilder.UserID = this.Parent.uxUserName.Text;
 176:                 connectionBuilder.Password = this.Parent.uxPassword.Text;
 177:             }
 178:
 179:             public override string ToString ()
 180:             {
 181:                 return "SQL Server Authentication";
 182:             }
 183:         }
 184:
 185:         private void CommonTextChanged ( object sender, EventArgs e )
 186:         {
 187:             this.TryRaiseConnectionValidEvent ();
 188:         }
 189:     }
 190: }

Not sure there is anything here that is interesting – except for maybe the TryRaiseConnectionValidEvent, which is in serious need of refactoring (multiple nested ternary operators!  What was I thinking!).

So, lets move to the more interesting part of the code.  That is found in the BrowseServerDialog form.  This form is internal to the control library, and is shown when you select the “<Browse For More…>” option in the drop down of the control.   Here it is in action:

connectToServer003

And here is the code for this dialog box:

   1: using System;
   2: using System.Collections.Generic;
   3: using System.ComponentModel;
   4: using System.Data;
   5: using System.Drawing;
   6: using System.Text;
   7: using System.Windows.Forms;
   8: using Microsoft.Win32;
   9:
  10: namespace FireAnt.Controls.Database
  11: {
  12:     internal partial class BrowseForServerDialog : Form
  13:     {
  14:         private ServerInstance selectedInstance = null;
  15:
  16:         public BrowseForServerDialog ()
  17:         {
  18:             InitializeComponent ();
  19:         }
  20:
  21:         private void BrowseForServerDialog_Load ( object sender, EventArgs e )
  22:         {
  23:             if ( !this.DesignMode )
  24:             {
  25:                 this.FillTreeView ( this.uxLocalServers, ServerInstance.GetLocalServerList () );
  26:                 this.uxLoadNetworkServers.RunWorkerAsync ();
  27:             }
  28:         }
  29:
  30:         public ServerInstance ServerInstance
  31:         {
  32:             get { return this.selectedInstance; }
  33:         }
  34:
  35:
  36:         private void TreeView_AfterSelect ( object sender, TreeViewEventArgs e )
  37:         {
  38:             this.selectedInstance = (ServerInstance)e.Node.Tag;
  39:             this.uxOK.Enabled = ( this.selectedInstance != null );
  40:         }
  41:
  42:         private void uxLoadNetworkServers_DoWork ( object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e )
  43:         {
  44:             e.Result = ServerInstance.GetNetworkServerList ();
  45:             Console.WriteLine ( "Exiting" );
  46:         }
  47:
  48:         private void uxLoadNetworkServers_RunWorkerCompleted ( object sender, RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e )
  49:         {
  50:             Console.WriteLine ( "Fired!" );
  51:             if ( e.Error != null )
  52:             {
  53:                 MessageBox.Show ( e.Error.Message );
  54:             }
  55:             else
  56:             {
  57:                 this.uxNetworkServers.ImageList = this.uxImages;
  58:                 this.uxNetworkServers.Nodes[0].ImageIndex = 0;
  59:                 this.uxNetworkServers.Nodes[0].SelectedImageIndex = 0;
  60:                 this.uxNetworkServers.Nodes[0].Text = "Database Engine";
  61:                 this.FillTreeView ( this.uxNetworkServers, (List<ServerInstance>)e.Result );
  62:                 this.uxNetworkServers.Enabled = true;
  63:             }
  64:         }
  65:
  66:         private void FillTreeView ( TreeView treeView, List<ServerInstance> servers )
  67:         {
  68:             foreach ( ServerInstance server in servers )
  69:             {
  70:                 TreeNode newNode = new TreeNode ( server, 1, 1 );
  71:                 newNode.Tag = server;
  72:                 treeView.Nodes[0].Nodes.Add ( newNode );
  73:             }
  74:         }
  75:
  76:         private void BrowseForServerDialog_FormClosing ( object sender, FormClosingEventArgs e )
  77:         {
  78:             if ( this.uxLoadNetworkServers.IsBusy )
  79:                 this.uxLoadNetworkServers.CancelAsync ();
  80:         }
  81:     }
  82: }

Again, nothing special.  The real magic happens in the ServerInstance class:

   1: using System;
   2: using System.Collections.Generic;
   3: using System.Linq;
   4: using System.Text;
   5: using System.Data;
   6: using System.Data.Sql;
   7: using System.Net;
   8: using Microsoft.Win32;
   9:
  10: namespace FireAnt.Controls.Database
  11: {
  12:     [Serializable ()]
  13:     internal class ServerInstance : IComparable, IComparable<ServerInstance>, IComparable<string>
  14:     {
  15:         private static readonly string LocalServer = Dns.GetHostName ().ToUpper ();
  16:         private const string SqlServerRegistryKey = "SOFTWARE\\MICROSOFT\\MICROSOFT SQL SERVER";
  17:         private const string ServerInstanceRegistryKey = "SOFTWARE\\MICROSOFT\\MICROSOFT SQL SERVER\\INSTANCE NAMES\\SQL";
  18:
  19:         #region Constructors
  20:         public ServerInstance () : this ( string.Empty ) { }
  21:         public ServerInstance ( string server ) : this ( server, string.Empty ) { }
  22:         public ServerInstance ( string server, string instance ) : this ( server, instance, "0.0" ) { }
  23:         public ServerInstance ( string server, string instance, string version ) : this ( server, instance, new Version ( version ) ) { }
  24:         public ServerInstance ( string server, string instance, Version version )
  25:         {
  26:             this.Server = server;
  27:             this.Instance = instance;
  28:             this.Version = version;
  29:         }
  30:         #endregion
  31:
  32:         #region Properties
  33:         public string Server { get; private set; }
  34:         public string Instance { get; private set; }
  35:         public Version Version { get; private set; }
  36:
  37:         public string FullName
  38:         {
  39:             get
  40:             {
  41:                 return this.Server +
  42:                     ( string.IsNullOrEmpty ( this.Instance ) ? string.Empty : "\\" + this.Instance );
  43:             }
  44:         }
  45:         #endregion
  46:
  47:         #region Overrides
  48:         public override string ToString ()
  49:         {
  50:             StringBuilder displayString = new StringBuilder ( this.FullName );
  51:
  52:             // add the version if it is a valid one
  53:             if ( this.Version.Major != 0 )
  54:             {
  55:                 displayString.AppendFormat ( "    ({0}.{1})", this.Version.Major, this.Version.Minor );
  56:             }
  57:
  58:             return displayString.ToString ();
  59:         }
  60:
  61:         public override bool Equals ( object obj )
  62:         {
  63:             if ( obj == null || !( obj is ServerInstance ) )
  64:                 return false;
  65:             return ( this.ToString () == obj.ToString () );
  66:         }
  67:
  68:         public override int GetHashCode ()
  69:         {
  70:             return this.ToString ().GetHashCode ();
  71:         }
  72:         #endregion
  73:
  74:         #region Operators
  75:         public static implicit operator string ( ServerInstance instance )
  76:         {
  77:             return instance.ToString ();
  78:         }
  79:         #endregion
  80:
  81:         public static List<ServerInstance> GetLocalServerList ()
  82:         {
  83:             List<ServerInstance> localServers = new List<ServerInstance> ();
  84:
  85:             RegistryKey instancesKey = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey ( ServerInstanceRegistryKey );
  86:             if ( instancesKey != null )
  87:             {
  88:                 using ( instancesKey )
  89:                 {
  90:                     foreach ( string instanceName in instancesKey.GetValueNames () )
  91:                     {
  92:                         string instanceSetupKeyName = string.Format ( "{0}\\{1}\\Setup", SqlServerRegistryKey, (string)instancesKey.GetValue ( instanceName ) );
  93:                         RegistryKey instanceSetupKey = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey ( instanceSetupKeyName );
  94:                         if ( instanceSetupKey != null )
  95:                         {
  96:                             using ( instanceSetupKey )
  97:                             {
  98:                                 string version = (string)instanceSetupKey.GetValue ( "Version" );
  99:                                 string edition = (string)instanceSetupKey.GetValue ( "Edition" );
 100:
 101:                                 localServers.Add ( new ServerInstance ( LocalServer, ( edition == "Express Edition" ) ? instanceName : string.Empty, version ) );
 102:                             }
 103:                         }
 104:                     }
 105:                 }
 106:             }
 107:
 108:             return localServers;
 109:         }
 110:
 111:         public static List<ServerInstance> GetNetworkServerList ()
 112:         {
 113:             List<ServerInstance> networkServers = new List<ServerInstance> ();
 114:
 115:             using ( DataTable dataSources = SqlDataSourceEnumerator.Instance.GetDataSources () )
 116:             {
 117:                 foreach ( DataRow dataSource in dataSources.Rows )
 118:                 {
 119:                     networkServers.Add ( new ServerInstance (
 120:                         (string)dataSource["ServerName"],
 121:                         Convert.IsDBNull ( dataSource["InstanceName"] ) ? string.Empty : (string)dataSource["InstanceName"],
 122:                         Convert.IsDBNull ( dataSource["Version"] ) ? "0.0" : (string)dataSource["Version"] ) );
 123:                 }
 124:             }
 125:
 126:             return networkServers;
 127:         }
 128:
 129:
 130:         #region IComparable Members
 131:
 132:         public int CompareTo ( object obj )
 133:         {
 134:             if ( obj == null || !( obj is ServerInstance ) )
 135:                 return -1;
 136:             else
 137:                 return this.ToString ().CompareTo ( obj.ToString () );
 138:
 139:         }
 140:
 141:         #endregion
 142:
 143:         #region IComparable<ServerInstance> Members
 144:
 145:         public int CompareTo ( ServerInstance other )
 146:         {
 147:             return this.ToString ().CompareTo ( other.ToString () );
 148:         }
 149:
 150:         #endregion
 151:
 152:         #region IComparable<string> Members
 153:
 154:         public int CompareTo ( string other )
 155:         {
 156:             return this.ToString ().CompareTo ( other );
 157:         }
 158:
 159:         #endregion
 160:     }
 161: }

The two methods of interest are the two static methods, ServerInstance.GetLocalServerList and ServerInstance.GetNetworkServerList.  The first method – GetLocalServerList – looks in the Windows registry to locate SQL Server instances installed on the local machine, and attempts to differentiate between Express and other editions of Sql Server.  The second method – GetNetworkServerList – uses the SqlDataSourceEnumerator found in System.Data.Sql to enumerate the network servers.  At one time, I had written the code to use the Sql Server Management Objects (SMO) – but, I found that it was way slower.  I also tried the trick of using ODBC – but that didn’t really give me the information I wanted.  So, I settled on just using the SqlDataSourceEnumerator.  Still slower then I would like, but not nearly as slow as using SMO.

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